36 of the
641 complaints about the 2000 Dodge RAM 1500 are about the
braking system — 6% of everything
reported for this model year.
Half of the failures with a mileage on record happened before
84,700 miles.
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2000 DODGE RAM 1500. WHILE REVERSING AT A LOW SPEED, THE BRAKE PEDAL WAS DEPRESSED BUT THE VEHICLE FAILED TO STOP. THE CONTACT HAD TO ENGAGE THE EMERGENCY BRAKE IN ORDER TO STOP THE VEHICLE. IN ADDITION, THE CONTACT NOTICED THAT THERE WAS BRAKE FLUID LEAKING FROM UNDERNEATH THE VEHICLE. IN ADDITION, THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE DASHBOARD FRACTURED. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN TO AN INDEPENDENT MECHANIC WHO DIAGNOSED THAT THE BRAKE LINES NEEDED TO BE REPLACED. THE VEHICLE WAS REPAIRED; HOWEVER, THE FAILURE RECURRED. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN BACK TO THE MECHANIC WHO DIAGNOSED THAT THE BRAKE LINES NEEDED TO BE REPLACED. THE VEHICLE WAS REPAIRED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOTIFIED OF THE FAILURE. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 89,000.
NHTSA complaint #10721446 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 100,000 milesQuicy, FL
SERVICE BRAKES
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2000 DODGE RAM 1500. THE CONTACT STATED THAT WHILE DRIVING AT APPROXIMATELY 35 MPH AND ATTEMPTING TO MAKE A RIGHT TURN, THE FRONT PASSENGER WHEEL SEIZED WITHOUT WARNING. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN TO THE DEALER WHERE IT WAS DIAGNOSED THAT THE ANTI LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM FAILED DUE TO THE AFTERMARKET BATTERIES INSTALLED IN THE VEHICLE LEAKING ONTO THE ABS CONTROL MODULE CONNECTOR. ADDITIONALLY, THERE WAS CORROSION PRESENT FROM BATTERY ACID. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT REPAIRED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOTIFIED OF THE FAILURE AND STATED THAT THE VIN WAS NOT INCLUDED IN NHTSA CAMPAIGN: 04V185000 (SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC). THE APPROXIMATE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 100,000. THE VIN WAS NOT AVAILABLE.
NHTSA complaint #10633749 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
Crestveiw, FL
SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC
2000 DODGE RAM 1500 EXTENDED CAB 2 WHEEL ANTI-LOCK RIGHT CALIPER KEEPS STICKIN EVERYTHING IS NEW I'VE MISS 2WKS WORK CAUSE OF IT AND HAVE BEEN FIRED BECAUSE OF IT I CANT GO 5 MILES WITH OUT IT STICKIN I KEEP TAKIN THE CALIPER BACK TO 3 DIFFERENT PART STORE AND THEY GETTING PISSED I HAVE NEW SHOES,RUBBER HOSE,BRAKE BOOSTER RWAL VALVE ANTI LOCK VALVE CRYSTAL CLEAR FLUID ITS BEEN TO A BRAKE SHOP AND THEY R LOST ALSO IM ALWAYS ON THE SIDE OF ROAD TAKIN IT APART TO DEPRESS THE CALIPER NOT SURE IF ITS A C BODY OR NOT.
NHTSA complaint #10554342 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 119,040 milesWestfield, MACrash
SERVICE BRAKES
DRIVING IN THE PARKING LOT AT WORK. WENT TO SLOW DOWN TO PULL INTO A SPACE AND PEDAL DROPPED TO THE FLOOR. I HIT THE OFFICE BUILDING AS A RESULT. THE REAR BRAKE LINE BY THE GAS TANK BLEW.
NHTSA complaint #10504490 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 188,900 milesSparks, NV
SERVICE BRAKES
I WENT TO CHANGE MY FRONT PADS (FOR THE 3RD TIME IN 15 MONTHS) AND NOTICED THAT YET AGAIN, ONE OF MY CALIPERS WAS STUCK AND ONE OF THE PISTON DIAPHRAMS WAS TORN. I REPLACED THE CALIPER, PUT IN MY NEW PADS, BLED THE SYSTEM, AND MY BRAKE PEDAL GOES ALL THE WAY TO THE FLOOR, THE VEHICLE IS DRIVEABLE, BUT MY STOPPING DISTANCE HAS GREATLY REDUCED. I HAVE TO PUMP THE PEDAL 2-3 TIMES FOR THE BRAKES TO GRAB. IF I STAB ON THEM, THEM PEDAL WILL TRAVEL ALL THE WAY TO THE FLOOR AND THEN THE REAR WHEELS WILL LOCK UP AND THE FRONT BRAKES DONT WORK AT ALL. I REPLACED THE MASTER CYLINDER AND THE PROBLEM STILL PERSISTS. DEALERSHIP HAS ABSOLUTELY NO IDEA WHAT THE PROBLEM COULD BE, AND NIETHER DO ANY OF THE LOCAL SHOPS.
NHTSA complaint #10467709 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 47,000 milesEllicott City, MD
SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC
2000 DODGE RAM 1500 -DEC 2009 - 47000 MILE. NO INDICATION OF BRAKE ISSUES UNTIL HITTING THEM HARD TO AVOID CAR THAT RAN A RED LIGHT. BRAKE LINE FROM MASTER CYLINDER TO RWAL UNIT FAILED (PINHOLE LEAK), BUT MANAGED TO AVOID COLLISION. DROVE HOME (SLOWLY) AND FABRICATED/INSTALLED REPLACEMENT SECTION (ABOUT 16" LONG). AFTER BLEEDING BRAKES - DROVE TRUCK NORMALLY UNTIL JUNE 2010. THEN, WITH NO WARNING, THE BRAKES AGAIN FAILED IN A PARKING LOT STOP. FOUND THE LEAK IN THE REAR SECTION OF THE LINE RUNNING FROM FRONT TO REAR.DEALER ESTIMATE TO REPLACE ALL HARD LINES IS $1000. WHO CAN AFFORD THAT ?? SO, I WILL BE SPENDING MANY HOURS OF MY OWN TIME TO FIX THE PROBLEM CAUSED BY CHEAP IMPORTED CHINESE STEEL. THANKS BILL CLINTON !! I HAVE OTHER "GOOD AMERICAN CARS" THAT ARE 40+ YEARS OLD AND 100K+ MILES WITH THE OEM LINES STILL GOOD. THESE NEW VEHICLES SUCK !!!
NHTSA complaint #10336724 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 107,000 milesLakeville, IN
SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC
THE BRAKE LINE ON DRIVERS SIDE BEHIND THE GAS TANK BURST DUE TO CORROSION I LOST BRAKES WHILE DRIVING NOT ABLE TO STOP WELL. COULD CAUSE INJURY.
NHTSA complaint #10280793 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 140,000 milesDublin, VA
SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC
BRAKE LINE BEHIND THE GAS TANK ON DRIVERS SIDE BURST DUE TO CORROSION ON MY 2000 DODGE RAM 1500 4X4.
NHTSA complaint #10280396 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 100,000 milesHudson, FL
SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC
TL*THE CONTACT OWNS A 2000 DODGE 1500. WHILE DRIVING 40 MPH, THE AIR IDLE VALVE DID NOT OPEN AND CAUSED THE VEHICLE TO STALL WHEN THE BRAKES WERE APPLIED. THE CONTACT BELIEVES THAT THERE IS A DEFECT IN THE DESIGN OF THE VEHICLE. THE AIR IDLE VALVE WAS INSTALLED BACKWARDS AND SHOULD REMAIN IN THE OPEN POSITION TO ALLOW AIR TO ENTER AND FOR THE VEHICLE TO PROPERLY CLOSE. THE FAILURE OCCURRED ON TWO OCCASIONS. THE CONTACT TOOK THE VEHICLE TO THE DEALER AND THEY REPLACED THE VALVE, WHICH WAS INSTALLED IN THE SAME MANNER. THE REPAIR LASTED FOR A YEAR, BUT THE FAILURE HAS RECENTLY RESURFACED. THE VIN WAS UNKNOWN. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 100,000 AND CURRENT MILEAGE WAS 112,000.
NHTSA complaint #10274615 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 70,089 milesDanielson, CT
SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:FOUNDATION COMPONENTS:HOSES, LINES/PIPING, AND FITTINGS
TL*THE CONTACT OWNS A 2000 DODGE RAM 1500. WHILE PULLING OUT OF THE DRIVEWAY, THE CONTACT NOTICED THAT THE BRAKES FELT LOW. HE ALSO NOTICED THAT THE BRAKE HOSE ASSEMBLY WAS LEAKING BRAKE FLUID FROM THE FRONT BRAKES. THE VIN WAS NOT INCLUDED IN NHTSA CAMPAIGN ID NUMBER 01V038000 (SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC FOUNDATION COMPONENTS: HOSES, LINES PIPING, AND FITTINGS); THEREFORE, THEY WOULD NOT ASSIST WITH THE REPAIR. THE VEHICLE IS CURRENTLY PARKED AT THE CONTACT'S RESIDENCE. THE FAILURE AND CURRENT MILEAGES WERE 70,089. UPDATED 04-17-09 UPDATED 04/20/09.
NHTSA complaint #10249513 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 74,000 milesCameron, NC
SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:ANTILOCK/TRACTION CONTROL/ELECTRONIC LIMITED SLIP:ABS WARNING LIGHT
FIRST IS THE DASH. I BOUGHT THE TRUCK IN FEB 04 WITH 74,000 MILES ON IT AND SHORTLY AFTER I NOTICED A CRACK IN THE DASHBOARD, SINCE THEN THE DASH IS FALLING APART AND IS MORE BRITTLE THAN A SPORTING CLAY. IF YOU SNAP OFF A PIECE AND LOOK AT IT YOU CAN SEE THAT ABOUT 1/5TH OF THE WAY DOWN FROM THE TOP IS BROWN SINCE IT HAS COOKED IN THE SUN. SO THAT PROVES THAT DODGE USES VERY CHEAP PLASTIC FOR THE DASHBOARDS. I LOOKED INTO REPLACING IT ABOUT 6 MONTHS AGO AND THE TOP PIECE OF THE DASH COST ABOUT 200$ AND NOW THAT I HAVE GOTTEN MY TAX RETURNS BACK I WAS GOING TO GET A NEW ONE BUT THE PRICE IS NOW 375$. I GUESS DODGE FINALLY REALIZED THE PROBLEM WITH THESE DASHBOARDS AND DECIDED TO CASH IN ON THEM. THE TORQUE CONVERTER WENT OUT ON THE DRIVE HOME FROM THE DEALERSHIP ALSO, BUT 50 BUCKS FROM ME AND 2100$ FROM THE WARRANTY PEOPLE FIXED THAT. SECOND IS THE ASD RELAY WHICH MEANS AUTOMATIC SHUTDOWN RELAY AND IT ISN'T KIDDING WITH THE NAME. A COUPLE YEARS AGO WHEN I STARTED MY TRUCK IT WOULD SHUT OFF RIGHT AWAY AND WOULDN'T RUN RIGHT UNTIL I FEATHERED THE GAS FOR A LITTLE BIT, AFTER REPLACING THE THROTTLE BODY CONTROL SOLENOID, THE IDLE AIR CONTROL MOTOR AND MASS AIR FLOW SENSOR I DID A LITTLE MORE RESEARCH AND FOUND IT TO BE A 10 DOLLAR RELAY FROM NAPA. THE THIRD PROBLEM IS A WHOOPING NOISE COMING FROM THE ENGINE THAT I STILL CAN'T FIGURE OUT WHAT IT IS. THE TRUCK MAKES THE NOISE WHEN ITS SITTING STILL SO I KNOW ITS NOTHING IN THE SUSPENSION, ALTHOUGH ITS LOUDER WHEN IDLING OVER SMALL BUMPS. THE FOURTH WAS THE SPEED SENSOR IN THE REAR DIFFERENTIAL, ABS AND BRAKE LIGHT CAME ON BUT DIDN'T AFFECT PERFORMANCE AT ALL, REPLACED THE SENSOR AND DIDN'T HAVE ANY MORE TROUBLE FROM IT. FIFTH PROBLEM IS THE BACK WINDOW LEAKS BUT I'M GOING TO FIX THAT WITH A GENEROUS BLOB OF WELDER GLUE INSIDE WHEN I FINALLY GET AROUND TO PULLING THE HEADLINER DOWN.
NHTSA complaint #10217457 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 135,000 milesEvans, GA
SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:FOUNDATION COMPONENTS:HOSES, LINES/PIPING, AND FITTINGS
WHILE DRIVING MY 2000 DODGE TRUCK THE MAIN BRAKE LINE RUPTURED WITHOUT WARNING. I COULD NOT STOP THE VEHICLE AND SUCCESSFULLY ATTEMPTED TO DO SO WITH MY EMERGENCY BRAKES.
NHTSA complaint #10166441 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 84,700 milesCloquet, MN
SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:FOUNDATION COMPONENTS:DISC:ROTOR
PURCHASED A 2000 1500 QUADCAB DODGE RAM FOR 15,000. THREE WEEKS LATER HAD TO REPAIR FRONT BRAKES FRONT ROTORS AND FRONT BALL JOINTS. COST $700. DEALER REFUSED TO DO ANYTHING ABOUT IT.
NHTSA complaint #10155456 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
White Hall, MD
SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:FOUNDATION COMPONENTS:DISC:ROTOR
WHILE APPLYING THE BRAKES,THE PEDAL WENT TO THE FLOOR THE CONSUMER WAS ABLE TO STOP THE VEHICLE BY APPLYING THE EMERGENCY BRAKE AND DROVE THE VEHICLE TO A MECHANIC. THE MECHANIC INFORMED THE DRIVER THE RIGHT SIDE ROTOR EXPLODED. THE MECHANIC RECOMMENDED THAT THE BRAKE PADS,AND THE LEFT AND RIGHT SIDE REAR ROTOR NEEDED TO BE REPLACED. PLEASE PROVIDE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.
NHTSA complaint #10112971 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 37,000 milesDallas, TX
SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC
WHILE BRAKING PEDAL WENT TO THE FLOOR, CAUSING EXTENDED STOPPING DISTANCE. DEALERSHIP WAS NOTIFIED, BUT DID NOT RESOLVE THE PROBLEM.
NHTSA complaint #10063068 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 24,000 milesFallbrook, CA
SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:PEDALS AND LINKAGES
BRAKE PEDAL GOT HARD AS A ROCK, CONSUMER WOULD HAVE TO STAND ON THE PEDAL WITH BOTH FEET. *PH
NHTSA complaint #10059401 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 45,000 milesEdmonds, WA
SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:FOUNDATION COMPONENTS:DISC:ROTOR
I OWN A 2000 DODGE RAM 1500 QUAD CAB. IN THE 72,000 MILES THAT HAVE BEEN PLACED ON THE TRUCK I HAVE HAD TO REPLACE THE BRAKE ROTORS TWO TIMES DUE TO WARPING. THE FIRST WAS AT 45,000 MILES THEN AT A LITTLE OVER 50,000. I'M AT 72,000 MILES NOW AND THE ROTORS HAVE BEEN WORPED FOR ABOUT THE LAST 10,000 MILES. IT APPEARS THAT WHEN STOPPING I AM USING ALMOST ENTIRELY THE FRONT BRAKES. THE ROTORS ARE NOT SUBSTANTIAL ENOUGH TO STOP A VEHICLE OF THIS SIZE.
NHTSA complaint #10052749 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 45,262 milesMuskegon, MIFire
SERVICE BRAKES, AIR:ANTILOCK:INTERCONNECTING ASSEMBLY(WIRING)
1998-2001 B-VAN (DODGE FULL SIZE). THE ABS CONTROL MODULE IS PROTECTED WITH A 40 AMP FUSE. A 10 GA. WIRE COMES OUT OF THE CONTROL MODULE, THEN THIS WIRE "Y'S" OUT TO TWO 14 GA. WIRES. IT APPEARS AS THOUGH THE ABS PUMP OR RELAY STICKS ON THESE VEHICLES. THEN ONE OF THE 14 GA. WIRES OVER HEATS AND CATCHES THE WIRING HARNESS ON FIRE. THE 40 AMP FUSE DOES NOT BLOW. THE FIRE THEN CONTINUES UNTIL THE ENTIRE VAN IS FULLY ENGULFED IN FLAMES. THIS VAN IS AT BURLINGTON DODGE. 90 MIDDLESEX TURNPICK BURLINGTON, MASS 01803.
NHTSA complaint #10037430 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 37,367 milesMuskegon, MIFire
SERVICE BRAKES, AIR:ANTILOCK:INTERCONNECTING ASSEMBLY(WIRING)
1998-2001 B-VAN (DODGE FULL SIZE). ABS CONTROL MODULE IS PROTECTED WITH A 40 AMP FUSE. A 10 GA. WIRE COMES OUT OF THE CONTROL MODULE, THEN THIS WIRE "Y'S" OUT TO TWO 14 GA. WIRES. IT APPEARS AS THOUGH THE ABS PUMP OR THE RELAY STICKS ON THESE VEHICLES. THEN ONE OF THE 14 GA. WIRES OVER HEATS AND CATCHES THE WIRING HARNESS ON FIRE. THE 40 AMP FUSE DOES NOT BLOW. THE FIRE THEN CONTINUES UNTIL THE VAN IS ENGULFED IN FLAMES. THIS VAN IS LOCATED AT THE VERIZON REPAIR GARAGE 6720 AMMENDALE RD., BELTSVILLE, MARYLAND.
NHTSA complaint #10037431 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
Lefthand, WV
SERVICE BRAKES, AIR:DISC:ROTOR
CONSUMER STATES THAT THE BRAKE ROTORS ARE WEARING AND WHEN APPLYING THE BRAKES THE VEHICLE WILL HAVE A HEAVY VIBRATION AND EXTENDED STOPPING DISTANCE. DEALER NOTIFIED. MR
NHTSA complaint #8020590 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
SAN Antonio, TX
SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:FOUNDATION COMPONENTS:DISC:PADS
FRONT RIGHT LOWER CONTROL ARM CRACKED. FRONT DISC BRAKE PADS REPLACED 3 TIMES IN 16 MONTHS.
NHTSA complaint #764842 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
Morrisville, IN
SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:FOUNDATION COMPONENTS:DISC:CALIPER
FRONT PASSENGER SIDE CALIPER WAS STICKING. ON 25 JULY 2002 WHILE DRIVING 35 MPH DRIVER'S SIDE FRONT CALIPER LOCKED UP. PLEASE PROVIDE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.
NHTSA complaint #8015068 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
Cyclone, PA
SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:FOUNDATION COMPONENTS:DISC
BRAKE DISC FELL OUT OF VEHICLE, CONTACTED DODGE. DODGE SAID TOO BAD, CONTACTED KENDALL KARNS SERVICE MANAGER AT DEALERSHIP. HIS COMMENT WAS "THIS IS NORMAL FOR THE BRAKE DISC TO FALL OUT" TOO BAD ITS NOT OUR FAULT, BUT WE WILL REPAIR IT AT YOUR COST. DODGE SEAMS TO THINK THAT BRAKE DISCS JUST FALL OUT OF VEHICLES. PLEASE BE CAREFUL WITH YOUR LOVED ONES IN YOUR DODGE VEHICLE YOU MIGHT NOT HAVE BRAKES THE NEXT TIME YOU STOP. BUT THIS WOULD BE YOUR FAULT NOT DODGES.
NHTSA complaint #762928 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
Little Rock, ARFire
SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:ANTILOCK/TRACTION CONTROL/ELECTRONIC LIMITED SLIP
ENGINE FIRE, INVESTIGATOR LOCATED A BLOWN ABS FUSE AS WELL, CLAIM 04-1283-455. *SLC
NHTSA complaint #6900561 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
Little Rock, AR
SERVICE BRAKES, AIR:ANTILOCK:INTERCONNECTING ASSEMBLY(WIRING)
INVESTIGATOR LOCATED A BLOWN ABS FUSE, CLAIM 04-1283-455. *SLC
NHTSA complaint #6900885 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
Stateville, GA
SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:FOUNDATION COMPONENTS:DISC
BRAKE SYSTEM WAS NOT WORKING PROPERLY; ROTOR/, PADS, AND CALIPERS NEEDED TO BE REPLACED. CONTACTED DEALER, AND THE DEALER WAS NOT WILLING TO DO ANYTHING.
NHTSA complaint #8009454 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
Enid, OK
SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:FOUNDATION COMPONENTS
THE YELLOW ABS AND RED BRAKE LIGHT COMES ON INTERMITTENTLY, THE BRAKES DON'T FUNCTION PROPERLY WHEN THE LIGHTS ARE ON. DODGE HAS REPLACE SENSORS, DOESN'T FIX PROBLEM. I'M CONCERNED ABOUT SAFETY, AND THIS CAUSING A CRASH. . ALSO THE TRANSMISSION ISN'T UPSHIFTING FROM 2ND GEAR. NLM
NHTSA complaint #760798 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
Enid, OK
SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:ANTILOCK/TRACTION CONTROL/ELECTRONIC LIMITED SLIP
THE YELLOW ABS AND RED BRAKE LIGHT COMES ON INTERMITTENTLY, THE BRAKES DON'T FUNCTION PROPERLY WHEN THE LIGHTS ARE ON. DODGE HAS REPLACE SENSORS, DOESN'T FIX PROBLEM. I'M CONCERNED ABOUT SAFETY, AND THIS CAUSING A CRASH. . ALSO THE TRANSMISSION ISN'T UPSHIFTING FROM 2ND GEAR. NLM
NHTSA complaint #760798 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
Jacksonville, FL
SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:FOUNDATION COMPONENTS:DRUM
DRIVER FRONT THROUGH A BRAKE PAD AND DESTROYED THE ROTOR. REAR BRAKES DID NOT APPEAR TO BE WORKING PROPERLY EITHER. THE REAR BRAKES HAVE BEEN WORKED ON FOUR TIMES FOR VIOLENT GRABBING
NHTSA complaint #760445 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
Jacksonville, FL
SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:FOUNDATION COMPONENTS:DISC
DRIVER FRONT THROUGH A BRAKE PAD AND DESTROYED THE ROTOR. REAR BRAKES DID NOT APPEAR TO BE WORKING PROPERLY EITHER. THE REAR BRAKES HAVE BEEN WORKED ON FOUR TIMES FOR VIOLENT GRABBING
NHTSA complaint #760445 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.