Owners have filed 46 complaints
about the 1999 Lincoln Continental with NHTSA between 1999 and 2015.
The largest single group is the suspension.
Across this model's run it ranks 7 of 13 worst.
The letter says how bad. This says what kind — whether this year drew
an unusual number of complaints, unusually dangerous
ones, or failures that arrived unusually early.
The dashed ring is 50 — the national norm. Further out is worse.
Complaint volume — 24
Against the median year of the Lincoln Continental. 50 means typical for this
model; 100 means roughly double.
Severity — 100
21.7% of these complaints
involved a crash, fire, injury or death, against a national rate of
9.7%.
Early failure — 9
5% of failures with a mileage on record happened under
36,000 miles, against a national rate of
29%.
How 1999 compares with every other Lincoln Continental
NHTSA files every complaint against a named sub-assembly, not just a
system. This is the difference between knowing it was "the engine" and
knowing which part of it — the list to hand a mechanic.
Coil Springs
626.1%
Frontal
521.7%
Side/Window
417.4%
Engine
28.7%
Foundation Components
28.7%
Headlights
28.7%
On-Off Switch Assembly
14.3%
Electrical
14.3%
When it fails
Odometer readings owners gave when they filed. About half of all
complaints include one.
10,000 – 24,999 miles
15.0%
25,000 – 49,999 miles
210.0%
50,000 – 74,999 miles
210.0%
75,000 – 99,999 miles
735.0%
100,000 – 149,999 miles
840.0%
When owners complained
A spike years after the car went on sale usually means a part wearing
out on schedule across the whole fleet — the kind of pattern no single
owner can see from inside their own car.
Feb 1999peak 3Mar 2015
NHTSA investigations into the 1999 Lincoln Continental
An investigation is the step before a recall: the agency has seen enough
complaints to look into a pattern itself. An open one means it thinks
something may be wrong and nothing has been fixed yet.
ON APRIL 9, 2003, ODI RECEIVED FROM FORD AN OWNER LETTER AND DEALER NOTICE, BOTH DATED MARCH 2003.THE OWNER LETTER STATES THAT FORD WILL CONDUCT A PRODUCT IMPROVEMENT CAMPAIGN OF CERTAIN MY 1999-2000 LINCOLN CONTINENTAL VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH SIDE AIR BAGS (ALL MY 1999 VEHICLES AND MY 2000 VEHICLES MANUFACTURED PRIOR TO 3/1/00; TOTAL OF APPROXIMATELY 42,000 VEHICLES).THE LETTER STATES THAT THE SIDE AIR BAGS IN THESE VEHICLES CAN DEPLOY IN CERTAIN TYPES OF UNDERBODY IMPACTS FROM PIECES OF GRAVEL OR DEBRIS.THE LETTER STATES THAT OWNERS WHO OPERATE THEIR VEHICLES IN SUCH DRIVING CONDITIONS SHOULD...
PE00042Opened 16 Oct 2000Closed 27 Apr 2001AIR BAGS:SIDE/WINDOW
INADVERTENT SIDE AIR BAG DEPLOYMENT
Recalls on the 1999 Lincoln Continental
A complaint is one owner's allegation. A recall is the point at which
the manufacturer or a regulator agreed the defect is real and dangerous
enough to fix for free — however old the car is.
United States — NHTSA
16E026000
SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:FOUNDATION COMPONENTS:DISC:PADS
Bosch Brake Components LLC (Bosch) is recalling certain aftermarket replacement front brake pads, models Bosch QuietCast BC598 and BP765, Bosch Blue BE598 and BE598H, Prostop PD598 and PD765M, Duralast Gold DG598, Duralast MKD598, Stop Master ST598, UltraStop ULT598, UltraLife MX598 and MX765, BrakeBest MKD765, and Prostop Platinum PGD598. These brake pads, manufactured October 1, 2014, to October 31, 2015 are intended for use on 2001-2007 Ford Taurus, 2001-2005 Mercury Sable, 1995-1999 Ford Taurus SHO, 1995-2002 Lincoln Continental, and 1993-1998 Lincoln Mark VIII vehicles. The brake pad shim may shift out of position causing the shim to contact the brake disc resulting in damage to the disc.
Risk: A damaged or broken brake disc may reduce a vehicle's braking power, increasing the risk of a crash.
03V144000
AIR BAGS:FRONTAL
ON CERTAIN PASSENGER VEHICLES, THE DRIVER AND/OR PASSENGER SIDE AIR BAG COULD DEPLOY AS A RESULT OF UNDERBODY IMPACTS NEAR THE SENSORS, SUCH AS THOSE OCCURRING FROM PIECES OF GRAVEL OR DEBRIS THROWN FROM THE WHEELS WHILE THE VEHICLE IS BEING OPERATED AT MODERATE TO HIGH SPEED OR BEING ACCELERATED.
98V269000
FUEL SYSTEM, GASOLINE:DELIVERY:HOSES, LINES/PIPING, AND FITTINGS
VEHICLE DESCRIPTION: PASSENGER VEHICLES. THE FUEL RAIL CROSSOVER HOSE WAS DAMAGED DURING FUEL RAIL ASSEMBLY ALLOWING FUEL LEAKAGE.
Risk: FUEL LEAKAGE IN THE PRESENCE OF AN IGNITION SOURCE CAN RESULT IN FIRE.
Canada — Transport Canada
Canada runs its own recall programme, and its campaigns do not
always mirror the American ones.
Recall 199821335 units in Canada
Fuel System
Certain vehicles may have a fuel rail crossover hose that was damaged during fuel rail assembly. In some cases the fuel rail may leak and in the presence of and ignition source, a fire could result. Correction: A revised fuel rail will be installed.
Reports where the owner recorded a crash, a fire, an injury or a death.
at 145,000 milesPhoenix, AZCrash
SERVICE BRAKES
[XXX] VEHICLE IMPOUNDED IN AUSTIN TEXAS WAS NOT ABLE TO GET BACK. INFORMATION REDACTED PURSUANT TO THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT (FOIA), 5 U.S.C. 552(B)(6).
NHTSA complaint #10700882 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 137,000 milesBallwin, MOFire
ENGINE AND ENGINE COOLING
AFTER DRIVING FOR 200 MILES THE RIGHT ELECTRIC RADIATOR COOLING FAN CAUGHT ON FIRE AND HAD TO BE PUT OUT.
NHTSA complaint #10279237 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 140,000 milesJacksonville, FLCrash1 injured
POWER TRAIN
AFTER PULLING INTO A PARKING SPACE AT PHARMACY AND WITH FOOT STILL ON BRAKE, CAR LURCHED FORWARD AT HIGH RATE OF SPEED, ONTO SIDEWALK AND INTO THE STONE WALL OF PHARMACY. NO DAMAGE TO PHARMACY. AIRBAGS DEPLOYED AND AIRBAG AND SEAT BELT INJURIES.
NHTSA complaint #10254457 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
A LEAK IN THE FUEL RAIL CROSSOVER HOSE CAUSED A FIRE IN THE ENGINE COMPARTMENT.
NHTSA complaint #10175607 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 85,000 milesHazlet, NJCrash
VEHICLE SPEED CONTROL
WHILE DRIVING ON GS PARKWAY THE CAR ACCELERATED FROM 65 MILES PER HR TO 100 MILES PER HR. AND WOULD NOT SLOW DOWN EVEN WHEN STEPPING ON THE BRAKE. THE CAR WAS SPEEDING OUT OF CONTROL WHILE IN THE MIDDLE LANE. WE THEN TRIED TO GET OVER TO SIDE OF PARKWAY ONTO A GRASSY HILL SO WE WOULD NOT HIT ANY OTHER CARS. THE CAR SLOWED DOWN ENOUGH FOR ME AND MY SON TO JUMP OUT ON DRIVERS SIDE BEFORE THE CAR WENT FULL SPEED AHEAD TOWARD THE PARKWAY BUT HIT A GUARD RAIL AND FLIPPED OVER. BY SOME MIRACLE MY SON AND I WERE NOT HURT. I CALLED FORD TO RECALL CAR AND THEY SENT LETTER WHICH SAID WE REGRET ANY INCONVENIENCE THAT YOU HAVE EXPERIENCED IN THIS MATTER. CONTACT YOUR INSURANCE COMPANY. I ONLY HAD LIABILITY SO INSURANCE COMPANY NOT INVOLVED. THERE COULD HAVE BEEN MANY INJURIES OR EVEN DEATHS INCLUDING ME AND MY SON DUE TO THIS DEFECT. CAR WAS DAMAGED BEYOND REPAIR.
NHTSA complaint #10172830 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 65,500 milesMemphis, TNCrash
VEHICLE SPEED CONTROL
DT: THE CONTACT WAS PULLING INTO A PARKING SPACE. THE FOOT WAS ON THE BRAKES, THE ENGINE REVVED, AND VEHICLE LURCHED FORWARD, CRASHING INTO A PARKED VEHICLE. THE VEHICLE SUSTAINED MINOR DAMAGE. THERE WERE NO INJURIES. A POLICE REPORT WAS TAKEN. SHE TOOK THE CAR TO A CERTIFIED DEALER FOR INSPECTION, AND THEY COULD NOT DUPLICATE THE PROBLEM. NO REPAIRS WERE MADE.
NHTSA complaint #10144006 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
The most recent complaints
In the owners' own words, exactly as filed with NHTSA.
at 145,000 milesPhoenix, AZCrash
SERVICE BRAKES
[XXX] VEHICLE IMPOUNDED IN AUSTIN TEXAS WAS NOT ABLE TO GET BACK. INFORMATION REDACTED PURSUANT TO THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT (FOIA), 5 U.S.C. 552(B)(6).
NHTSA complaint #10700882 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 134,000 milesOlathe, KS
SUSPENSION:FRONT:SPRINGS:COIL SPRINGS
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 1999 LINCOLN CONTINENTAL. THE CONTACT HEARD A LOUD ABNORMAL NOISE COMING FROM THE VEHICLE WHILE IT WAS PARKED. AFTER INSPECTING THE VEHICLE, THE CONTACT NOTICED THAT THE COIL SPRING FRACTURED AND PUNCTURED THE FRONT DRIVER SIDE TIRE. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT DIAGNOSED OR REPAIRED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOT MADE AWARE OF THE FAILURE. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 134,000.
NHTSA complaint #10638721 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 101,000 milesManistee, MI
SUSPENSION
PUT CAR INTO REVERSE, AND TIRE IMMEDIATELY BLEW OUT FOR NO APPARENT REASON. UPON FURTHER INVESTIGATION, FRONT LEFT SPRING HAD FRACTURED AND BROKE. SPRING HAD PUNCTURED TIRE SIDEWALL ONCE BEING PUT INTO REVERSE AND BUSTED OFF PLASTIC STABILIZER LINK. HAD THIS HAPPENED WHILE TRAVELING AT HIGHWAY SPEED, IT WOULD HAVE SHREDDED TIRE.
NHTSA complaint #10575745 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 135,000 milesLake Park, FL
SUSPENSION
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 1999 LINCOLN CONTINENTAL. THE CONTACT WAS DRIVING AT 45 MPH WHEN THE FRONT DRIVER SIDE TIRE FAILED. THE VEHICLE WAS TOWED TO A LOCAL MECHANIC WHO PERFORMED A DIAGNOSTIC AND LOCATED THE FAILURE AT THE FRONT TIE ROD AND BALL JOINT, THE MECHANIC ADVISED THAT THE COMPONENTS HAD FAILED, CAUSING THE TIRE TO WEAR PREMATURELY AND SPLIT IN HALF. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT REPAIRED. THE FAILURE AND THE CURRENT MILEAGE WAS 135,000.
NHTSA complaint #10438854 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 125,000 milesWashington, MI
STEERING:LINKAGES:TIE ROD ASSEMBLY
TL*THE CONTACT OWNS A 1999 LINCOLN CONTINENTAL. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE FRONT COIL SPRING CORROSION CAUSED THE TIE RODS TO CORRODE AND PUNCTURE THE TIRE WHICH MADE IT IMPOSSIBLE TO DRIVE THE VEHICLE. THE DEALER ADVISED THE CONTACT THAT THERE WERE NO RELATED RECALLS. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOT NOTIFIED OF THE FAILURE. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 125,000. UPDATED 11/15/10 *CN UPDATED 11/24/10
NHTSA complaint #10298013 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 125,000 milesWashington, MI
SUSPENSION:FRONT:SPRINGS:COIL SPRINGS
TL*THE CONTACT OWNS A 1999 LINCOLN CONTINENTAL. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE FRONT COIL SPRING CORROSION CAUSED THE TIE RODS TO CORRODE AND PUNCTURE THE TIRE WHICH MADE IT IMPOSSIBLE TO DRIVE THE VEHICLE. THE DEALER ADVISED THE CONTACT THAT THERE WERE NO RELATED RECALLS. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOT NOTIFIED OF THE FAILURE. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 125,000. UPDATED 11/15/10 *CN UPDATED 11/24/10
NHTSA complaint #10298013 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 137,000 milesBallwin, MOFire
ENGINE AND ENGINE COOLING
AFTER DRIVING FOR 200 MILES THE RIGHT ELECTRIC RADIATOR COOLING FAN CAUGHT ON FIRE AND HAD TO BE PUT OUT.
NHTSA complaint #10279237 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 140,000 milesJacksonville, FLCrash1 injured
POWER TRAIN
AFTER PULLING INTO A PARKING SPACE AT PHARMACY AND WITH FOOT STILL ON BRAKE, CAR LURCHED FORWARD AT HIGH RATE OF SPEED, ONTO SIDEWALK AND INTO THE STONE WALL OF PHARMACY. NO DAMAGE TO PHARMACY. AIRBAGS DEPLOYED AND AIRBAG AND SEAT BELT INJURIES.
NHTSA complaint #10254457 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 77,091 milesHicksville,, NY
STEERING
I SAW FLUID ON THE FLOOR OF MY GARAGE WENT TO MY REPAIR SHOP HE STATED THE RACK AND PINION STEERING UNIT WAS LEAKING NOT FROM ONE OF THE SEALS BUT FROM A CRACK IN THE MIDDLE OF THE UNIT . HE SAID THIS IS A MANUFACTURER DEFECT . I SAW THE FLUID COMING RIGHT OUT OF THE METAL CASING.
NHTSA complaint #10251668 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 90,000 milesAkron, OH
SUSPENSION
RIGHT SPRING COIL CAME APART/BROKE/CRACKED/FRACTURED AND NEEDED REPLACED.
NHTSA complaint #10230575 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 43,543 milesAmbridge, PA
SUSPENSION:FRONT:SPRINGS:COIL SPRINGS
MY 1999 LINCOLN CONTINENTAL HAS A BROKEN FRONT COIL SPRING THAT SNAPPED WHILE THE CAR WAS SITTING IN MY CAR PORT WITH NO ONE NEAR IT. THE BROKEN COIL SPRING ALSO BROKE SOME PLASTIC LINKAGE PART THAT IS HANGING DOWN AND PUNCTURED A BRAND NEW TIRE AND THE "AIR BAG" LIGHT IS ALSO SHOWING ON THE DASHBOARD NOW. I KNOW THERE WAS A RECALL FOR THIS SPRING PROBLEM #04S17 BUT FORD SAYS THAT THE RECALL DOES NOT INCLUDE THE LINCOLN. THIS CAR ONLY HAS 43K ON IT, THANK GOD NO ONE WAS DRIVING IT WHEN THIS HAPPENED, THIS IS OBVIOUSLY A SAFETY DEFECT. I WILL HAVE TO HAVE THE VEHICLE TOWED AND REPAIRED AT MY OWN EXPENSE ACCORDING TO THE LINCOLN DEALER.
NHTSA complaint #10198703 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
999, DC
ENGINE AND ENGINE COOLING:ENGINE
1999 LINCOLN CONTINENTAL WITH IDLE ENGINE PROBLEMS**CC
NHTSA complaint #10184786 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
A LEAK IN THE FUEL RAIL CROSSOVER HOSE CAUSED A FIRE IN THE ENGINE COMPARTMENT.
NHTSA complaint #10175607 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 85,000 milesHazlet, NJCrash
VEHICLE SPEED CONTROL
WHILE DRIVING ON GS PARKWAY THE CAR ACCELERATED FROM 65 MILES PER HR TO 100 MILES PER HR. AND WOULD NOT SLOW DOWN EVEN WHEN STEPPING ON THE BRAKE. THE CAR WAS SPEEDING OUT OF CONTROL WHILE IN THE MIDDLE LANE. WE THEN TRIED TO GET OVER TO SIDE OF PARKWAY ONTO A GRASSY HILL SO WE WOULD NOT HIT ANY OTHER CARS. THE CAR SLOWED DOWN ENOUGH FOR ME AND MY SON TO JUMP OUT ON DRIVERS SIDE BEFORE THE CAR WENT FULL SPEED AHEAD TOWARD THE PARKWAY BUT HIT A GUARD RAIL AND FLIPPED OVER. BY SOME MIRACLE MY SON AND I WERE NOT HURT. I CALLED FORD TO RECALL CAR AND THEY SENT LETTER WHICH SAID WE REGRET ANY INCONVENIENCE THAT YOU HAVE EXPERIENCED IN THIS MATTER. CONTACT YOUR INSURANCE COMPANY. I ONLY HAD LIABILITY SO INSURANCE COMPANY NOT INVOLVED. THERE COULD HAVE BEEN MANY INJURIES OR EVEN DEATHS INCLUDING ME AND MY SON DUE TO THIS DEFECT. CAR WAS DAMAGED BEYOND REPAIR.
NHTSA complaint #10172830 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 90,000 milesNEW Castle, PA
SUSPENSION:FRONT:MACPHERSON STRUT
DT*: THE CONTACT STATED WHILE THE VEHICLE WAS PARKED A LOUD NOISE WAS HEARD. THE CONTACT GOT OUT OF THE VEHICLE AND CHECKED TO SEE WHERE THE LOUD NOISE WAS COMING FROM. THE TIRES WERE INSPECTED, AND THE CONTACT FOUND THE FRONT PASSENGER'S SIDE TIRE WAS CUT COMPLETELY AROUND. THE VEHICLE WAS TOWED TO AN INDEPENDENT GARAGE WHERE THEY FOUND THE FRONT STRUT BROKE AND PUNCTURED THE TIRE.
NHTSA complaint #10147272 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 65,500 milesMemphis, TNCrash
VEHICLE SPEED CONTROL
DT: THE CONTACT WAS PULLING INTO A PARKING SPACE. THE FOOT WAS ON THE BRAKES, THE ENGINE REVVED, AND VEHICLE LURCHED FORWARD, CRASHING INTO A PARKED VEHICLE. THE VEHICLE SUSTAINED MINOR DAMAGE. THERE WERE NO INJURIES. A POLICE REPORT WAS TAKEN. SHE TOOK THE CAR TO A CERTIFIED DEALER FOR INSPECTION, AND THEY COULD NOT DUPLICATE THE PROBLEM. NO REPAIRS WERE MADE.
NHTSA complaint #10144006 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 97,000 milesSimms, TX
AIR BAGS:SIDE/WINDOW
DT: THE CALLER SAI WHILE WIFE DRIVING 55-60 MPH SIDE/CURTAIN AIRBAG ON THE PASSENGER'S SIDE DEPLOYED. DEALER SAID A ROCK MIGHT HAVE HIT THE SENSOR AND MADE IT DEPLOY. MANUFACTURER SAID THEY COULD OFFER NO HELP FOR FREE. THE CALLER SAID THERE WAS A SAFETY UPDATE 03I44000 IN 2003, NOT A RECALL CONCERNING CRASH SENSOR.
NHTSA complaint #10135986 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
Dawson, PA
ENGINE AND ENGINE COOLING:ENGINE:GASOLINE:BELTS AND ASSOCIATED PULLEYS
WHEN SHIFTING TO PARK/DRIVE THE MOTOR MOUNT MOVES 3-4 INCHES. DEALERSHIP WAS NOTIFIED, BUT DID NOT RESOLVE THE PROBLEM.
NHTSA complaint #10109031 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 11,000 milesStaten Island, NY
SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:ANTILOCK/TRACTION CONTROL/ELECTRONIC LIMITED SLIP
WHILE DRIVING BRAKE PEDAL GOES COMPLETELY TO THE FLOOR, AND VEHICLE IS DIFFICULT TO STOP.
NHTSA complaint #10094106 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
Altmar, NY
SUSPENSION:FRONT:SPRINGS:COIL SPRINGS
WHILE DRIVING 55 MPH, THE CONSUMER HEARD A POPPING NOISE COMING FROM THE REAR. THE CONSUMER CONTINUED DRIVING UNTIL HE REACHED HIS HOME. WHEN HE PLACED THE VEHICLE IN REVERSE, THE DRIVER'S SIDE TIRE BLEW. THE PROBLEM WAS DUE TO THE COIL SPRING HAD FAILED AND PUNCTURED THE TIRE. PLEASE PROVIDE ANY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.
NHTSA complaint #10074371 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 93,000 milesMilford, MI
SUSPENSION:FRONT:SPRINGS:COIL SPRINGS
FRONT LEFT SPRING BROKE AND PUNCTURED THE FRONT LEFT TIRE WHILE VEHICLE WAS IN MOTION MOVING ABOUT 3 MPH.
NHTSA complaint #10073563 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 40,000 milesPeachtree City, GACrash
VEHICLE SPEED CONTROL:ACCELERATOR PEDAL
INTERMITTENTLY, AFTER THE VEHICLE COMES TO A COMPLETE STOP, VEHICLE LOUNGES FORWARD. WHEN THIS OCCURS CONSUMER'S FOOT IS DEPRESSED ON THE BRAKE PEDAL. THIS PROBLEM RESULTED IN THE VEHICLE JUMPING A CURB AND SMASHING INTO A STOP SIGN. VEHICLE HAS BEEN SERVICED BY THE DEALERSHIP 3 TIMES, BUT THEY CANNOT LOCATE THE CAUSE OF THE PROBLEM.
NHTSA complaint #10073520 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 50,000 milesBroadview Heights, OH
SUSPENSION:FRONT:SPRINGS:COIL SPRINGS
WHILE DRIVING FRONT LEFT COIL SPRING FRACTURED. THE END OF THE SPRING PUNCTURED THE TIRE, CAUSING THE TIRE TO DEFLATE. *AK
NHTSA complaint #10052060 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
at 81,000 milesGranite City, IL
ENGINE AND ENGINE COOLING:ENGINE
WHILE DRIVING AT 50 MPH VEHICLE STALLED. *AK VEHICLE WOULDN'T STAY RUNNING AND CONSUMER HAD TO FLOOR IT TO BACK OUT OF A PARKING SPACE. ONCE OUT, SHE HAD TO RESTART IT APPROX. FIVE TIMES TO GET TO ANOTHER PARKING SPACE. ALL THE VEHICLE POWER WENT OUT.
NHTSA complaint #10044585 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.
Mandeville, LA
AIR BAGS:ON-OFF SWITCH ASSEMBLY
CONSUMER WAS REQUESTING TO HAVE THE AIR BAG TURNED OFF, HOWEVER THE AIR BAG SWITCH WAS NOT INSTALLED.
NHTSA complaint #567098 — an unverified report by a vehicle owner.